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		<title>Verbi con preposizione e Fragewörter</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Mar 2011 16:50:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Intermedio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fragewörter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[verbi con preposizione]]></category>

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		<title>Uso dell&#8217;articolo (+ esercizi)</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Feb 2011 11:11:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[articolo determinativo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[articolo indeterminativo]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Uso dell’articolo L’articolo determinativo a) Der Lehrer schreibt das Wort an die Tafel. Das Parlament hat die Gesetze über den Export geändert. b) Der Mount Everest ist der höchste Berg der Erde. c) Die Sonne geht im Osten auf und im Westen unter. Wir gehen am Freitag ins Kino. Regole zu a): l’articolo determinativo si [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=994&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:large;">Uso dell’articolo</span></h1>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">L’articolo determinativo</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">a) <strong>Der </strong>Lehrer schreibt <strong>das </strong>Wort an <strong>die </strong>Tafel.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Das </strong>Parlament hat <strong>die </strong>Gesetze über <strong>den </strong>Export geändert.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">b) Der Mount Everest ist <strong>der </strong>höchste Berg der Erde.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">c) Die Sonne geht <strong>im </strong>Osten auf und im Westen unter.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Wir gehen <strong>am </strong>Freitag <strong>ins </strong>Kino.</span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Regole</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">zu a): l’articolo determinativo si usa quando una persona o una cosa sono note o quando sono state citate in precedenza. Oppure se si tratta si persone, cose o concetti universalmente noti. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">L’art. det. si usa sempre coi superlativi.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span id="more-994"></span></span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></em></p>
<h2><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">L’articolo indeterminativo</span></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Ein </strong>Fahrrad kostet etwa 300 Mark.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Sie nahm <strong>eine </strong>Tasse aus dem Schrank.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ein Bauer hatte <strong>einen </strong>Esel. <strong>Der </strong>Esel war alt und schwach.</span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Regole</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">a): l’articolo indeterminativo si usa quando una persona o una cosa non sono note o sono usate in senso generale. Per generalizzare si usa anche il plurale senza articolo: </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Kinder </strong>fragen viel.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Er raucht nur <strong>Zigarren.</strong></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></strong></p>
<h2><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">ESERCIZI</span></span></h2>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1 Costruite le frasi seguendo il modello qui sotto</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(m) Dosenöffner / im Küchenschrank</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich brauche <em>einen Dosenöffner. &#8211; Der Dosenöffner </em>ist im Küchenschrank!</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(Pl.) Stecknadeln / im Nähkasten</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich brauche <em>Stecknadeln. &#8211; Die Stecknadeln </em>sind im Nähkasten!</span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1. Briefumschläge/im Schreibtisch 2. Briefmarken / in der Schublade 3. (m)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Hammer / im Werkzeugkasten 4. (m) Kugelschreiber / auf dem Schreibtisch 5. (n)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Feuerzeug / im Wohnzimmer 6.Kopfschmerztabletten / in der Hausapotheke</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">7. (n) Wörterbuch / im Bücherschrank 8. (m) Flaschenöffner / in der Küche</span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">2 Im Warenhaus</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(m) Schal</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich möchte bitte <em>einen Schal. &#8211; </em>Wie gefällt Ihnen <em>der Schal </em>hier?</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(Pl.) Taschentücher</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich möchte bitte <em>Taschentücher. &#8211; </em>Wie gefallen Ihnen <em>die Taschentücher </em>hier?</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1. (n) Sporthemd 2. (f) Cordhose 3. (m) Wollrock 4. (m) Hut 5. (Pl.) Handschuhe</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">6. (Pl.) Wollsocken 7. (m) Pullover 8. (m) Mantel 9. (f) Jacke</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(n) Fahrrad / DM 450-</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Hier haben wir <em>ein Fahrrad </em>für 450 Mark. &#8211; Nein, <em>das Fahrrad </em>ist mir zu teuer!</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1. (m) Gebrauchtwagen / 2500,—</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">2. (f) Lederjacke / 250,-</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">3. (m) Elektroherd / 620 —</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">4. (n) Motorrad / 3000—</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">5. (f) Kaffeemaschine /180,-</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">6. (f) Waschmaschine / 950,-</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Singolari senza articolo</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Si usano senza articolo:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>1.</strong> Nomi propri di persona, nomi di città, nazioni e continenti:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Gerhard </em>ist der Bruder von <em>Klaus.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Goethe </em>wurde 82 Jahre alt. <em>Deutschland </em>ist ein Industrieland.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Dr. Meyer </em>ist als Forscher bekannt. <em>Afrika </em>und <em>Asien </em>sind Kontinente.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Berlin </em>war eine geteilte Stadt. auch: <em>Gott </em>ist groß.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Attenzione: se il nome è preceduto da un aggettivo attributivo o seguito da un complemento di specificazione, si usa l’articolo: </em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">der alte Goethe, der Goethe der Weimarer Zeit</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">das geteilte Berlin, das Berlin der zwanziger Jahre</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im </em>Polen der Nachkriegszeit</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">der liebe Gott</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Eccezione: </em>alcuni paesi hanno l’articolo determinativo:<em> </em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">der Libanon, der Sudan, (der) Irak, (der) Iran</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, die Schweiz</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">die Slowakische Republik (die Slowakei)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">die Türkei, die Tschechische Republik</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">die Antarktis, die Niederlande</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">die Vereinigten Staaten von America, die USA (Pl.)<strong></strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>2</strong>. a) concetti riferiti a sostanze, senza ulteriori specificazioni: </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">z.B. <em>Brot </em>(n), <em>Geld </em>(n),</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Energie </em>(f), <em>Elektrizität </em>(f), <em>Wasserkraft </em>(f), <em>Luft (f), Wärme </em>(f):</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Hast du <em>Geld </em>bei dir?</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Die Hungernden schreien nach <em>Brot.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Eisbären fühlen sich bei <em>Kälte </em>wohl.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Aus <em>Wasserkraft </em>wird <em>Energie </em>gewonnen.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Attenzione: </em>se il concetto viene specificato con attributi o avverbi, si mette l’articolo: </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">die Wärme in diesem Raum</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">b) liquidi o materiali senza ulteriori specificazioni:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">,z.B. <em>Wasser </em>(n),<em>Milch </em>(f), <em>Bier </em>(n), <em>Wein </em>(m), <em>Öl </em>(n), <em>Benzin </em>(n), <em>Alkohol </em>(m); <em>Holz </em>(n), <em>Glas </em>(n),</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Kohle </em>(f), <em>Stahl </em>(m), Beton (m), <em>Kupfer </em>(n), Ka/fc (m):</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Zum Frühstück trinkt man <em>Tee, Kaffee </em>oder <em>Milch.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Zum Bau von Hochhäusern braucht man <em>Beton, Stahl </em>und <em>Glas.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Attenzione: </em>das schmutzige Meerwasser, das Gold der Münze</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">c) qualità o emozioni senza ulteriori specificazioni, z.B. <em>Mut </em>(m), <em>Kraft </em>(f),</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Freundlichkeit </em>(f), <em>Intelligenz </em>(f), <em>Ehrgeiz </em>(m), <em>Nachsicht </em>(f); ^4ngj/ (f), <em>Freude </em>(f),</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Liebe</em> (f), <em>Trauer </em>(f), <em>Hoffnung </em>(f), <em>Verzweiflung </em>(f).</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Sie hatten <em>Hunger </em>und <em>Durst.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Er fühlte wieder Mut und <em>Hoffnung.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Sie war sprachlos vor <em>Freude.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Aus Angst </em>reagierte er völlig falsch.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>3.</strong> Informazioni relative alla nazionalità o al mestiere coi verbi <em>sein </em>e <em>werden </em>e dopo</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">nach <em>als:</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich bin <em>Arzt. </em>Mein Sohn wird <em>Ingenieur.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Er ist <em>Türke. </em>Er arbeitet als <em>Lehrer.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>4</strong>. Sostantivi che seguono pesi, misure ecc. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich kaufe ein Pfund <em>Butter. </em>Er trinkt ein Glas <em>Milch.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Wir besitzen eine große Fläche <em>Wald. </em>Wir hatten 20 Grad <em>Kälte.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>5.</em></strong><em> </em>Molti proverbi e modi di dire:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Ende </em>gut, alles gut. <em></em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Pech </em>haben; <em>Frieden </em>schließen, <em>Widerstand </em>leisten, <em>Atem </em>holen, usw.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Er arbeitet <em>Tag </em>und <em>Nacht; Jahr </em>für <em>Jahr</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">ÜBUNGEN</span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1 Inserite l’articolo determinativo solo quando è necessario</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1. . . . Rom ist die Hauptstadt von . . . Italien. 2. Er liebt . . . Deutschland und kommt</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">jedes Jahr einmal in . . . Bundesrepublik. 3. . . . Dresden, . . . Stadt des Barocks, liegt in</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">. . . Sachsen. 4. &#8230; schöne Wien ist . . . Österreichs Hauptstadt. 5. . . . Bern ist die</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Hauptstadt .. . Schweiz, aber . . . Zürich ist die größte Stadt des Landes. 6. Die Staatssprachen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">i n . . . Tschechischen und Slowakischen Republik sind Tschechisch und Slowakisch.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">7. &#8230; Ankara ist die Hauptstadt&#8230; Türkei;&#8230; schöne Istanbul ist die größte Stadt</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">des Landes. 8. &#8230; GUS ist ungefähr 62mal größer als&#8230; Deutschland. 9. . . . Mongolei,</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">genauer&#8230; Mongolische Republik, liegt zwischen&#8230; Rußland u n d . . . China. 10. I n . . .</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Nordamerika spricht man Englisch, in . . . Mittel- und Südamerika spricht man hauptsächlich</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Spanisch, außer i n . . . Brasilien; dort spricht man Portugiesisch. 11. I n . . . Vereinigten</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Staaten leben 250 Millionen Menschen. 12. I n . . . Nordafrika liegen die arabischen Staaten,</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">das Gebiet südlich davon i s t . . . sogenannte Schwarzafrika. 13. .. .Arktis ist im Gegensatz</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">z u . . . Antarktis kein Erdteil. 14. Der offizielle Name von&#8230; Holland ist Niederlande&#8221;.</span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">2 idem:</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1. Morgens trinke ich . . . Tee, nachmittags . . . Kaffee. 2. Schmeckt dir denn . . . kalte</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Kaffee? 3. Er ist &#8230; Engländer und sie &#8230; Japanerin. 4. Siehst du &#8230; Japaner dort? Er</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">arbeitet in unserer Firma. 5. Ich glaube an . . . Gott. 6. Allah i s t . . . Gott des Islam. 7. . . .</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Arbeit meines Freundes ist hart. 8. Ich möchte ohne . . . Arbeit nicht leben. 9. Du hast</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">doch . . . Geld! Kannst du mir nicht 100 Mark leihen? 10. Die Fabrik i s t . . . Tag und . . .</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Nacht in Betrieb. 11. Wollen Sie in eine Stadt ohne . . . Motorenlärm? Dann gehen Sie</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">nach Zermatt in &#8230; Schweiz; dort sind &#8230; Autos und Motorräder für Privatpersonen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">nicht zugelassen. 12. Zu &#8230; Ostern besuche ich meine Eltern, in . . . Ferien fahre ich in</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">. . . Alpen. 13. Wenn du . . . Hunger hast, mach dir ein Brot. 14. Mein Bruder will . . .</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ingenieur werden; ich studiere . . . Germanistik. 15. Sie als &#8230; Mediziner haben natürlich</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">bessere Berufsaussichten!</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
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		<title>Verbi modali</title>
		<link>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2011/02/27/verbi-modali/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Feb 2011 11:03:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[verbi modali]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Significato dei verbi modali   I diversi verbi modali esprimono:   Können          a) una possibilità o opportunità          &#8211; Im Urlaub kann man sich richtig                                                                                             ausruhen                         b) una capacità                                       - Ich kann gut Tennis spielen   Dürfen           a) un permesso o un diritto                &#8211; In diesel Park dürfen Kinder spielen                         b) un divieto [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=988&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:large;">Significato dei verbi modali</span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">I diversi verbi modali esprimono:</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Können</strong>          a) una possibilità o opportunità          &#8211; Im Urlaub kann man sich richtig</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                                                                            ausruhen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                        b) una capacità                                       - Ich kann gut Tennis spielen<span id="more-988"></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Dürfen</strong>           a) un permesso o un diritto                &#8211; In diesel Park dürfen Kinder spielen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                        b) un divieto (frase negativa)             &#8211; Bei Rot darf man die Straße nicht </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">                                                                                           überqueren                                                                     </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Müssen</strong>           a) una necessità                                  &#8211; Nach dem Unfall mussten wir zu Fuss </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                                                                           nach Hause gehen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                        b) una costrizione “esterna&#8221;</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                          </span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">sentita come interna                           - Mein Vater ist krank, ich muss nach </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                                                                           Hause fahren</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                        c) assenza di obbligo  (frase               &#8211; Am Sonntag müssen Kinder nicht in </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                          negativa)                                               die Schule gehen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">objektive Notwendigkeit aufgrund äußerer Umstände oder gesetzlicher Regelungen; Verpflichtung aufgrund der inneren Einstellung (non c’è scelta)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Sollen</strong>            </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> a) una legge                                            - Du sollst nicht töten</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">b) una norma di buona condotta         &#8211; Jeder soll die Lebensart des anderen  anerkennen</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Ciò che sarebbe bene fare, che è </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">consigliabile, opportuno                      - Man soll pünktlich sein   </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">                        </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">c) un ordine, un incarico dato</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">   da un altro                                           &#8211; Der Arzt hat gesagt, ich soll weniger essen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Una richiesta, un consiglio,                &#8211; Sie soll einen Brief schreiben</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> una cosa che è stata stabilita             &#8211; Er soll di Gäste am Flughafen abholen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Verpflichtung aufgrund eines fremden Willens, z.B Forderungen, Erwartungen; Gesetze, Gebote, Vorschriften, gesellschafliche und religiöse Normen; Pläne, Absichte; Aufforderungen, Empfehlungen, Ratschläge, Vorschläge. (c’è opzione di scelta)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Wollen</strong>            </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">un desiderio, una volontà                   - Ich will dir die Wahrheit sagen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Mögen</strong>                        </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">a) un’inclinazione positiva o neg.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> (significato di “piacere”, non p.)        &#8211; Ich mag mit den neuen Kollegen nicht </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                                                    zusammenarbeiten</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">al congiuntivo</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong> Möchten</strong>        b) un desiderio                                   &#8211; Wir möchten ihn kennen lernen.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                        c) una richiesta cortese                       &#8211; Sie möchten nach 5 bitte noch mal anrufen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
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		<title>Imparare il tedesco con le mnemotecniche</title>
		<link>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2011/01/18/imparare-il-tedesco-con-le-mnemotecniche/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Jan 2011 15:03:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tedesco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apprendimento]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[associazioni]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[immagini]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mnemotecniche]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Una mnemotecnica è un ausilio al processo di memorizzazione, una tecnica che suggerisce come ricordare una parola, una frase o una regola grammaticale senza doverla &#8220;imparare a memoria&#8221;. Il concetto di fondo è dare un significato al termine o regola che si sta cercando di apprendere. Infatti, impariamo meglio quando capiamo e la cosa più [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=915&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;">Una mnemotecnica è un ausilio al processo di memorizzazione, una tecnica che suggerisce come ricordare una parola, una frase o una regola grammaticale senza doverla &#8220;imparare a memoria&#8221;. Il concetto di fondo è dare un significato al termine o regola che si sta cercando di apprendere. Infatti, impariamo meglio quando capiamo e la cosa più difficile è imparare, per esempio, sillabe senza senso, perché il nostro cervello non è un insieme di cassetti che contengono oggetti disparati, bensì una rete di connessioni significative. Le cose si associano lì non solo in base al significato, ma anche ad altre caratteristiche, p. es. una somiglianza di suono, uno stesso colore o altri tipi di associazioni che possono essere, e di solito sono, diverse per ognuno di noi.<span id="more-915"></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Le riflessioni che seguono sono tratte dalla lettura di materiale di un interessante sito tedesco, a cui rimando per approfondimenti: <a title="beste Tipps zum Deutschlernen" href="http://www.beste-tipps-zum-deutsch-lernen.com">easyDaf.</a> E&#8217; fondamentalmente l&#8217;illustrazione di un metodo, o strategia, che ognuno poi personalizzerà secondo le proprie inclinazioni (associative <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<h3>Come apprendiamo</h3>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Oltre ad apprendere meglio cose che hanno un significato, è noto dagli studi di psicologia cognitiva che l&#8217;apprendimento è migliore quanti più sensi (organi di senso) sono coinvolti. Se ascoltiamo una parola e contemporaneamente vediamo un&#8217;immagine riferita a quella parola, la momorizzazione riuscirà più facile. Per avere un&#8217;idea del contributo delle varie modalità percettive, cosideriamo questa statistica.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Percentuali di apprendindimento rispetto alla modalità percettiva</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/old-book2.png"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-918 alignleft" title="Old-book" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/old-book2.png?w=41&#038;h=38" alt="" width="41" height="38" /></a></p>
<p><strong>          10% ciò che si legge<br />
</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_small_sound.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-919 alignleft" title="thumb_small_sound" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_small_sound.png?w=465" alt=""   /></a></p>
<p>              <strong>20% ciò che si sente</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/album1.png"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-924 alignleft" title="_album" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/album1.png?w=40&#038;h=56" alt="" width="40" height="56" /></a></p>
<p><strong> </strong> </p>
<div class="mceTemp"> <strong>30% ciò che si vede</strong></div>
<p><strong>          </strong>                      <a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_small_sound.png"><img title="thumb_small_sound" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_small_sound.png?w=29&#038;h=27" alt="" width="29" height="27" /></a><img title="_album" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/album1.png?w=39&#038;h=55" alt="" width="39" height="55" /><strong>70% ciò che si vede e si sente</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>                                                                             </strong><strong>   <img class="size-full wp-image-925 aligncenter" title="thumb_left_hand" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_left_hand.png?w=465" alt=""   />                                                               90% ciò che si fa              </strong> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ciò significa, per esempio, che se leggo 10 parole è probabile che in seguito me ne ricordi solo 1, mentre se se le sento e contemporanemante le &#8220;vedo&#8221; è probabile che me ne ricordi 7. Vedere qui si riferisce a una qualche immagine dell&#8217;oggetto cui si riferisce la parola, non al semplice leggere la parola. L&#8217;immagine infatti, a differenze dalla parola scritta, è molto più efficace, perché è più immediata e inoltre coinvolge maggiornmente l&#8217;aspetto emotivo, che facilita, di solito, l&#8217;apprendimento. L&#8217;immagine può essere vista anche solo nell&#8217;immaginazione, cioè con l&#8217;occhio della mente. Ed è su questo che si basano molte delle mnenotecniche che vado a illustrarvi.</p>
<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Qualche esempio</h3>
<h3><strong>1. Genere dei nomi</strong></h3>
<p><strong>1.1 Associazione con un&#8217;immagine</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Una delle cose più difficile del tedesco è ricordarsi l&#8217;articolo delle parole. Il suggerimento è di associare i tre generi, maschile, femminile e neutro, a tre immagini significative (per voi), e quindi, ogni volta che apprendete un nuovo vocabolo, creare un&#8217;associazione (una frase, un gesto, un&#8217;azione) con l&#8217;immagine iniziale.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Una cosa così:</p>
<p><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/52159-royalty-free-rf-clipart-illustration-of-an-intimidating-hungry-brown-wolf.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-926" title="52159-Royalty-Free-RF-Clipart-Illustration-Of-An-Intimidating-Hungry-Brown-Wolf" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/52159-royalty-free-rf-clipart-illustration-of-an-intimidating-hungry-brown-wolf.jpg?w=119&#038;h=135" alt="" width="119" height="135" /></a></p>
<h3> </h3>
<h3>Der Wolf (lupo)           </h3>
<h3> </h3>
<h3>  </h3>
<h3><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-929" title="thumb_Asters_1" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_asters_11.png?w=465" alt=""   /> </h3>
<h3>     Die Blume (fiore)<a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_weather_picture_wave_crashing.png"></a> </h3>
<p> </p>
<p><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_weather_picture_wave_crashing.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-930" title="thumb_weather_picture_wave_crashing" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_weather_picture_wave_crashing.png?w=465" alt=""   /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_weather_picture_wave_crashing.png"></a> </p>
<h3>   Das Wasser (acqua)       <a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_weather_picture_wave_crashing.png"></a></h3>
<h3>        </h3>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ogni volta che imparate un vocabolo nuovo, provate dunque ad associarlo al lupo se è di genere maschile, al fiore, se è femmine, all&#8217;acqua se è neutro.</p>
<p><strong>1.2 Quasi parole</strong></p>
<p class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;">Sappiamo che alcune desinenze finali connotano nomi che sono sempre di un determinato genere.  Per impararle, mettiamole tutte in fila e creiamo dei &#8221;sostantivi&#8221; cercando poi di memorizzarli. E&#8217; più facile memorizzare una parola che singole sillabe. Questo è il principio.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Nomi maschili</strong>: le relative desinenze sono: ling-ig-or-ismus. E da qui viene fuori questa bella parola: <strong><span style="color:#339966;">LINGIGORISMUS</span></strong>. Der Ligigorismus è un pericolosissimo virus appena comparso, di cui nessuno ancora conosce la cura&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Nomi femminile</strong>: qui ce n&#8217;è un po&#8217; di più. Sono femminili tutti i sostantivi che terminano per: heit-ei-keit-schaft-ung-ik-tion-ität. E allora abbiamo die <strong><span style="color:#339966;">HEITEIKEITSCHAFTUNGIKTIONITÄT</span></strong>, una fondazione che fa ricerche sul nuovo virus.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Nomi neutri</strong>: ma ci vuole un po&#8217; di magia. E così arriva il folletto, das <strong><span style="color:#339966;">TUMMAMENTUMLEINCHEN</span></strong> (tum-ma-ment-um-lein-chen).</p>
<h3 style="text-align:justify;"><strong>2 Accusativo e dativo</strong></h3>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Il primo suggerimento è quello di scrivere (e visualizzare) i due casi con due colori diversi. Per esempio:</p>
<div class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;">
<dl class="wp-caption alignleft">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_crayon_blue_1.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-935" title="thumb_crayon_blue_1" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_crayon_blue_1.png?w=465" alt=""   /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">accusativo</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="attachment_936" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 58px"><img class="size-full wp-image-936 " title="thumb_crayon_red_1" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_crayon_red_1.png?w=465" alt=""   /><p class="wp-caption-text">dativo</p></div>
<div><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;"> </span></strong></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;"> <strong><span style="color:#0000ff;">                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <strong>    </strong><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span></strong>                                                   </span></strong><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;"> </span></strong><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;"> </span></strong><strong>2.1 2.1 Preposizioni</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Le preposizioni che reggono l&#8217;accusativo, le vedremo sempre così: <span style="color:#0000ff;">durch, für, gegen, ohne, um, entlang<span style="color:#000000;">. Quelle che reggono il dativo, così: <span style="color:#ff0000;">aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu, gegenüber, außer<span style="color:#000000;">. Quelle <em>miste </em>(che reggono l&#8217;accusativo quando usate per il movimento e il dativo nello stato in luogo) potremo scriverle così: </span></span></span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_938" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 72px"><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_exclamation_triangle_blue.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-938" title="thumb_exclamation_triangle_blue" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_exclamation_triangle_blue.png?w=465" alt=""   /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Moto!</p></div>
<div id="attachment_939" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 71px"><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_exclamation_triangle_red.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-939 " title="thumb_exclamation_triangle_red" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_exclamation_triangle_red.png?w=465" alt=""   /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Stato!</p></div>
<div class="mceTemp">            </div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp">          an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, vor, zwischen</div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp"><strong> </strong></div>
<div class="mceTemp"><strong></strong> </div>
<p class="mceTemp"><strong>2.2 Verbi </strong></p>
<p class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;">Oltre a scrivere nei rispettivi colori<span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span>i verbi che reggono il dativo o l&#8217;accusativo (consiglio di considerare solo quelli il cui uso si discosta dall&#8217;italiano), si può creare un&#8217;ambientazione a cui associare i due casi e poi costruire frasi (situazioni) in cui l&#8217;azione espressa dai verbi si verifica in quel luogo. Visto che abbiamo optato per <span style="color:#ff0000;">rosso </span>x dativo e <span style="color:#0000ff;">blu </span>x accusativo, potremmo continuare l&#8217;associazione collocando il dativo in <span style="color:#ff0000;">estate </span>(rosso-caldo) e l&#8217;accusativo in <span style="color:#0000ff;">inverno </span>(blu-freddo). Una possibile ambientazione per i due casi:</p>
<div class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp"><span style="color:#0000ff;">Pista da sci, inverno, accusativo  </span></div>
<div class="mceTemp">                                                                                                               <span style="color:#ff0000;">Spiaggia, estate, dativo</span> <span style="color:#ff0000;"><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_skiing11.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-948 alignleft" title="thumb_skiing1" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/thumb_skiing11.png?w=465" alt=""   /></a><a href="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/beach.png"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-950 alignright" title="beach" src="http://danilamoro.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/beach.png?w=163&#038;h=111" alt="" width="163" height="111" /></a></span></div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
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<div class="mceTemp"> </div>
<p class="mceTemp"> </p>
<p class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;">A questo punto proviamo a creare delle frasi coi verbi che reggono i due casi ambientate nei nostri luoghi &#8220;ancora&#8221;. Li chiamiamo così perché fungono da ancoraggio, da punto di riferimento, rispetto alla regola da apprendere. Le frasi possono essere anche in italiano, occorre ovviamente conoscere già il verbo tedesco. Le situazioni espresse dai verbi dovrebbe essere anche immaginate: createvi un&#8217;immagine mentale della situazione, abbiamo visto che l&#8217;immagine ha un maggior valore della semplice frase scritta o udita ai fini dell&#8217;apprendimento.</span> </p>
<p class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#0000ff;">fragen</span> &#8211; Un signore chiede un&#8217;informazione a un&#8217;altra sciatrice su dove trovare una bella pista. </span></p>
<p class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#0000ff;">lehren </span>-  Un maestro di sci insegna a un un gruppo di allievi</span></p>
<p class="mceTemp"><span style="color:#ff0000;">danken </span>- Un bambino ringrazia un signore che gli ha ridato la palla</p>
<p class="mceTemp"><span style="color:#ff0000;">helfen <span style="color:#000000;">- La mamma aiuta il figlio a costruire un castello di sabbia</span></span></p>
<p class="mceTemp"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">drohen</span> &#8211; Un padre minaccia il figlio di negargli il bagno se prima di non mette la crema</span></span></p>
<p class="mceTemp"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">begegnen</span> &#8211; Un ragazzo incontra in spiaggia la fidanzata del suo migliore amico</span></span></p>
<p class="mceTemp"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">verzeihen</span> &#8211; Il marito non perdona alla moglie di averlo tradito col bagnino</span></span> </p>
<p class="mceTemp" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;">Le frasi non devono essere originali, belle e nemmeno necessariamente plausibili. Devono aiutarvi a ricordare facilmente la regola da imparare, e pertanto devono essere associazioni facili e immediate per voi.</span></span></p>
<p class="mceTemp"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;">Le mnemotecniche si possono applicare anche ad altri argomenti di grammatica. Per ora vi propongo questi, provate e fatemi sapere!</span></span></p>
<p class="mceTemp"><span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span></p>
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		<title>Struttura della frase</title>
		<link>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2011/01/05/struttura-della-frase/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Jan 2011 12:45:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[posizione complementi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[struttura frase]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/?p=870</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Rapporto tra soggetto e verbo - Soggetto e verbo stanno sempre vicini. - Se inizio la frase col soggetto, il verbo segue subito: Ich kaufe Tomaten - Nelle frasi interrogative si invertono soggetto e verbo: Arbeitest du in Mailand? Wo wohnst du?                              -  Lo stesso se inizio la frase con qualcosa di diverso dal soggetto [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=870&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Rapporto tra soggetto e verbo</span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">- Soggetto e verbo stanno sempre vicini.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">- Se inizio la frase col soggetto, il verbo segue subito:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Ich kaufe Tomaten</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">- Nelle <span style="color:#3366ff;">frasi interrogative</span> si invertono soggetto e verbo:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Arbeitest du in Mailand?</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Wo wohnst du?                              <span id="more-870"></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">-  Lo stesso se inizio la frase con qualcosa di diverso dal soggetto (inversione)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Heute <em>kaufe ich</em> Tomaten</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Mit diesem Menschen <em>will ich</em> nichts mehr zu tun haben</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> <br />
</span><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Rapporto tra complemento oggetto e complemento di termine</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">- Se abbiamo <span style="color:#3366ff;">due sostantivi</span>, il complemento di termine precede il complemento oggetto</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Ich schenke <em>meiner Tante</em> Blumen</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">- Se abbiamo <span style="color:#3366ff;">un sostantivo e un pronome</span>, il pronome precedere il sostantivo, indipendentemente dal caso</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich schenke <em>ihr</em> Blumen</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich schenke <em>sie</em> meiner Tante</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">- Se abbiamo<span style="color:#3366ff;"> due pronomi</span>, il complemento oggetto precede il complemento di temine</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Ich schenke <em>sie</em> ihr</span></p>
<h1><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Posizione dei vari complementi nella frase</span></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Per ricordate l’ordine dei complementi, memorizzate TEMOL: </strong>Tempo – modo/mezzo – luogo</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich laufe jetzt schnell zum Arzt </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Er hat gestern seinen Mitarbeiter unhöflich behandelt</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich fahre morgen mit dem Zug nach Lugano</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> <br />
</span><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Se ci sono altri complementi vanno nel mezzo:</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich gehe sonntags mit meinem Freund ins Kino</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ich möchte nächste Woche meinem Mann ein Hemd in Lugano kaufen </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><br />
E’ comune in tedesco mettere il complemento di tempo all’inizio della frase, per cui:</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jetzt laufe ich schnell zum Arzt</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Morgen fahre ich mit dem Zug nach Lugano</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Sonntags gehe ich mit meinem Freund ins Kino</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Nächste Woche möchte ich meinem Mann ein Hemd in Lugano kaufen.</span></span></p>
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		<title>Presente dei verbi</title>
		<link>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2011/01/05/presente-dei-verbi/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Jan 2011 12:30:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[presente]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[verbi]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Coniugazione dei verbi tedeschi al presente                                         verbi deboli (e alcuni forti)       verbi in ß, ss, s, tz                      verbi in d, t, ckn fragen                                                 heißen                                     arbeiten ich frag-e                                            ich heiß-e                                ich arbeit-e du frag-st                                           du heiß-t                                 du arbeit-est er frag-t                                               er heiß-t                                  er arbeit-et wir frag-en                                          wir heiß-en                             wir arbeit-en ihr frag-t                                              ihr [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=864&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Coniugazione dei verbi tedeschi al presente</span></strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"><strong> </strong>   </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">                                    </span></h2>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">verbi deboli (e alcuni forti)       verbi in ß, ss, s, tz                      verbi in d, t, ckn</span></span></strong></p>
<p><em><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">fragen                                                 heißen                                     arbeiten</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ich frag-e                                            ich heiß-e                                ich arbeit-e</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">du frag-st                                           du heiß<span style="color:#ff0000;">-t </span>                                du arbeit-<span style="color:#ff0000;">e</span>st</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">er frag-t                                               er heiß-t                                  er arbeit-<span style="color:#ff0000;">e</span>t</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">wir frag-en                                          wir heiß-en                             wir arbeit-en</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ihr frag-t                                              ihr heiß-t                                 ihr arbeit-<span style="color:#ff0000;">e</span>t</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">sie frag-en                                          sie heiß-en                              sie arbeit-en</span></p>
<h1><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> <span id="more-864"></span></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                        ma senza &#8216;e&#8217;     <em>halten</em>                                          e   <em>einladen </em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                               ich halte                                             ich lad-e ………. ein</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                               du <span style="color:#ff0000;">hält-st  </span>                                         du <span style="color:#ff0000;">läd-st</span> ………..ein</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                               er <span style="color:#ff0000;">hält  </span>                                               er <span style="color:#ff0000;">läd-t</span>………….ein</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                               wir halt-en                                          wir lad-en……….ein</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                               ihr halt-et                                           ihr lad-et…………ein</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">                                               sie halt-en                                          sie lad-en…………ein</span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Verbi forti </span></strong></p>
<h1><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">in a                             in e                                                     </span></span></h1>
<p><em><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">fahren                         nehmen                       lesen                            sehen</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ich fahr-e                    ich nehm-e                  ich les-e                      ich seh-e</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">du<span style="color:#ff0000;"> fähr</span>-st                   du <span style="color:#ff0000;">nimm</span>-st                 du <span style="color:#ff0000;">lie</span>-st                      du <span style="color:#ff0000;">sieh</span>-st</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">er<span style="color:#ff0000;"> fähr</span>-t                      er<span style="color:#ff0000;"> nimm</span>-t                    er <span style="color:#ff0000;">lie</span>-st                        er <span style="color:#ff0000;">sieh</span>-t</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">wir fahren                  wir nehm-en               wir les-en                    wir seh-en</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ihr fahrt                      ihr nehm-t                   ihr les-t                       ihr seh-t</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">sie fahren                  sie neh-men                sie les-en                    sie seh-en</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><br />
Verbi ausiliari<em></em></span></span></strong></p>
<p><em><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Sein                             haben                          Werden</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ich bin                         ich hab-e                     ich werd-e</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">du bist                        du<span style="color:#ff0000;"> hast                        </span>du <span style="color:#ff0000;">wirst</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">er ist                            er <span style="color:#ff0000;">hat </span>                          er <span style="color:#ff0000;">wird</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">wir sind                      wir hab-en                   wir werd-en</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ihr seid                       ihr hab-t                       ihr <span style="color:#ff0000;">werd-et</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">sie sind                       sie hab-en                   sie werd-en</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> <br />
</span><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Verbi modali</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>sollen</em>              <em>müssen                         können                        wollen                         dürfen</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">ich <span style="color:#ff0000;">soll</span>            ich <span style="color:#ff0000;">muss</span>                      ich<span style="color:#ff0000;"> kann                      </span>ich <span style="color:#ff0000;">will   </span>                     ich <span style="color:#ff0000;">darf</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">du soll-st        du muss-t                    du kann-st                  du will-st                    du darf-st</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">er <span style="color:#ff0000;">soll  </span>             er <span style="color:#ff0000;">muss </span>                      er <span style="color:#ff0000;">kann</span>                         er <span style="color:#ff0000;">will </span>                        er <span style="color:#ff0000;">darf</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">wir soll-en       wir müss-en                wir könn-en                wir woll-en                 wir dürf-en</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ihr soll-t           ihr müss-t                    ihr könn-t                    ihr woll-t                    ihr dürf-t</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">sie soll-en       sie müss-en                 sie könn-en                 sie woll-en                sie dürf-en<em></em></span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> <br />
</span></em><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Altri presenti irregolari</span><em><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></em></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>wissen</em>                         <em>mögen                         möchte ( condizionale di mögen)</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ich <span style="color:#ff0000;">weiß</span>                      ich <span style="color:#ff0000;">mag</span>                       ich <span style="color:#ff0000;">möchte</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">du weiß-t                    du mag-st                   du möchte-st<em></em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">er <span style="color:#ff0000;">weiß </span>                       er <span style="color:#ff0000;">mag</span>                         er <span style="color:#ff0000;">möchte</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">wir wiss-en                 wir mög-en                 wir möchte-n</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">ihr wiss-t                     ihr mög-t                     ihr möchte-t</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">sie wissen                   sie mög-en                  sie möchte-n</span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
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		<title>Regole ortografiche dopo la riforma</title>
		<link>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2011/01/03/regole-ortografiche-dopo-la-riforma/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Jan 2011 19:36:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ortografia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[riforma ortografica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scrittura]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ß e ss La ß rimane solo dopo vocale lunga o dittongo: Maß (= misura), Straße (= strada), draußen (= fuori), beißen (= mordere). Si usa invece ss al posto di ß dopo vocale breve. grafia vecchia  grafia nuova hassen – Haß (= odiare, odio) hassen – Hass lassen &#8211; er läßt (= lasciare, lascia) [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=761&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">ß e ss</span></strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">La <em>ß </em>rimane solo dopo vocale lunga o dittongo: <em>Maß </em>(<em>= </em>misura),<em> Straße </em>(= strada<em>), draußen </em>(= fuori<em>), beißen </em>(= mordere). Si usa invece <em>ss</em> al posto di <em>ß</em> dopo vocale breve.<strong> </strong></span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>hassen – Haß </em>(= odiare, odio) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>hassen – Hass </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>lassen &#8211; er läßt </em>(= lasciare, lascia) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>lassen &#8211; er lässt </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>müssen &#8211; er muß </em>(= dovere) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>müssen &#8211; er muss </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>daß </em>(= che) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>dass </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> <span id="more-761"></span></span></p>
<h3><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Parole composte</span></strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Ora si ha il mantenimento dell’ortografia originale nelle parole composte (Sequenza di tre grafemi uguali in parole composte). La grafia con trattino (-) è sempre possibile. </span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Roheit </em>(= grossolanità, rozzezza</span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Rohheit </em>(cfr. <em>roh = </em>grezzo<em>, </em>crudo, rozzo) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Zäheit </em>(= durezza, resistenza) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Zähheit </em>(cfr. <em>zäh </em>= duro, resistente, tenace) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">selbständig (= autonomo, indipendente)<em> </em></span></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">selbstständig</span><em><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Conseguentemente, con la desinenza –<em>heit </em>rimane la<em> h </em>precedente: p.es. <em>Rohheit</em> (cfr. <em>roh</em>). Oltre a <em>selbständig</em> è possibile anche <em>selbstständig (selbst + ständig)</em>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><br />
Casi particolari </strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">La grafia <em>rauh </em>o <em>Känguruh</em> viene modificata in <em>rau </em>(vedi gli aggettivi terminanti in <em>–au</em> come <em>blau</em>, <em>grau</em>, <em>genau</em> o <em>schlau</em>) e <em>Känguru</em> (vedi altre denominazioni straniere d’animali come <em>Emu, Gnu </em>o <em>Kakadu</em>). </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>rauh </em>(= ruvido, rigido, aspro) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>rau </em>(come <em>grau </em>(= grigio), <em>schlau </em>(= astuto<em>) </em>ecc.) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Känguruh </em>(= canguro) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Känguru </em>come<em> Emu </em>(= emù, struzzo australiano), come <em>Gnu, Kakadu </em>(= cacatua.) </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">In analogia con il sostantivo di base con –<em>anz</em> o -<em>enz</em> la grafia con -<em>z</em> (<em>essenziell</em> etc.) diventa la forma principale. La vecchia grafia con <em>t</em> (<em>essentiell</em> etc.) rimane come forma secondaria.  </span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>essentiell </em>(= essenziale) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>essenziell </em>(cfr.<em> Essenz), </em>anche<em> essentiell </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Differential </em>(= differenziale) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Differenzial </em>(cfr.<em> Differenz</em>), anche <em>Differential </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Potential </em>(= potenziale) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Potenzial </em>(cfr.<em> Potenz</em>)<em>, </em>anche<em> Potential </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>substantiell </em>(= sostanziale) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>substanziell </em>(cfr.<em> Substanz</em>), anche<em> substantiell </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<h3><strong>Parole straniere</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Si permette di estendere ad altri casi la grafia <em>f</em> per <em>ph</em>, già presente nelle radici <em>phon-</em>, <em>phot-</em>e <em>graph-</em>. Si è rinunciato invece ad un adattamento forzato oltre a queste radici. Parole come <em>Philosophie, Phänomen</em>, <em>Metapher</em> o <em>Sphäre</em> continueranno a essere scritte come prima. Regole odierne (grafia consigliata in evidenza):</span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>ai </em></strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>ai, </em></strong>o<strong><em> ä </em></strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Necessaire </em>(= necéssaire) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Necessaire</em></span>, anche <em>Nessessär</em> (come già finora <em>Mohär</em>, <em>Sekretär</em>, <em>Militär</em>, <em>Majonäse</em>, etc </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>ph </em></strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>ph </em></strong>o <strong><em>f </em></strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Photometrie </em>(=fotometria) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Photometrie</em>, anche <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Fotometrie</em><em> </em></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Geographie </em>(= geografia) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Geographie</em>, anche <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Geografie</em><em> </em></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Graphologe </em>(= grafologo) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Graphologe</em>, anche <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Grafologe</em><em> </em></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Orthographie </em>(= ortografia) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Orthographie</em>, anche <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Orthografie</em><em> </em></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Megaphon </em>(= megafono) </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Megaphon</em>, anche <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Megafon</em> </span>(come già finora<em> Mikrofon</em>, <em>Fotografie</em>, <em>Grafik</em> etc.) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>gh </em></strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>gh </em></strong>o <strong><em>g </em></strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Joghurt </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Joghurt</em></span>, anche <em>Jogurt </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Spaghetti </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Spaghetti</em></span>, anche <em>Spagetti</em> (come già finora <em>Getto</em> etc.) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>é e ée </em></strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>é</em></strong><strong>/<em>ée </em></strong>o <strong><em>ee </em></strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Kommuniqué (= comunicato) </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Kommuniqué</em></span>, anche <em>Kommunikee </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Varieté (= varietà) </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Varietee</em>, anche <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Varieté</em><em> </em></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>rh </em></strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>rh</em></strong> o <strong><em>r </em></strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Katarrh </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Katarrh</em></span>, anche <em>Katarr </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>ch </em></strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>ch</em></strong> o <strong><em>sch </em></strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Chicorée (= cicoria di Bruxelles) </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Chicorée</em></span>, anche <em>Schikoree</em> (come già finora <em>Anschovis</em>, <em>Broschüre</em>, <em>retuschieren</em>, <em>Scheck</em>, <em>Sketsch</em>, <em>transchieren </em>etc.) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>th </em></strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em>th </em></strong>o <strong><em>t </em></strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Panther </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Panther</em></span>, anche<em> Panter </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Grafia separata o unita  </strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Le modifiche più importanti riguardano i gruppi seguenti: </span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">sostantivo + verbo</span></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>radfahren </em>(= andare in bicicletta), però <em>Auto fahren </em></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Rad fahren</em> (come <em>Auto fahren</em>) </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Nei casi seguenti è di nuovo ammessa dal 2006 la grafia vecchia </span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">grafia vecchia</span></strong></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">grafia nuova</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">haltmachen (= fermarsi)<em> </em></span></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Halt machen, consigliato haltmachen)<em> </em></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>achtgeben </em>(<em>= </em>fare attenzione)<em> </em></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Acht geben</em>, consigliato<em> achtgeben</em>)<em></em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>achthaben </em>(<em>= </em>fare attenzione) </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Acht haben</em>, consigliato<em> achthaben</em>) </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Le combinazioni <em>Leid tun </em>(= dispiacere), <em>Not tun </em>(<em>= </em>essere necessario), <em>Bankrott gehen </em>(=andare in fallimento<em>)</em>, <em>Pleite gehen </em>(=fare fallimento) si scrivono dal 2006 nuovamente unite e con l’iniziale minuscola: <em>leidtun, nottun,</em><span style="font-size:small;"> </span><em>bankrottgehen, pleitegehen.</em></p>
<p><strong>verbo + verbo</strong><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>  </strong>I verbi composti di verbo (all’infinito) + verbo si scrivono separati<strong>.</strong></span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>spazierengehen </em>(= andare a passeggio)</span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em> spazieren gehen </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>schätzenlernen </em>(<em>= </em>imparare ad apprezzare)  </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>schätzen lernen </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Con i verbi composti con <em>bleiben</em> e <em>stehen </em>(significato figurato) è di nuovo ammessa dal 2006 la grafia unita. Questo vale anche per <em>kennen lernen. </em>(Evidenziate in rosso le forme consigliate<em>) </em></span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>sitzen bleiben</em> (<em>in der Schule</em>) (= essere bocciato), però <em>sitzen bleiben</em> (<em>auf dem Stuhl</em>) = (= restare seduto) </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>sitzen bleiben</em><em> </em></span>(di nuovo ammessa dal 2006 la grafia unita con significato traslato <em>sitzenbleiben</em>) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>stehenlassen</em> (= lasciare (stare), lasciare in piedi) </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>stehen lassen</em><em> </em></span>(di nuovo ammessa dal 2006 la grafia unita con significato traslato <em>stehen lassen = </em>non toccare, dimenticare ecc.) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>liegenlassen </em>(= lasciare) </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>liegen lassen</em></span><em> </em>(di nuovo ammessa dal 2006 la grafia unita con significato traslato<em> liegenlassen = </em>dimenticare) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>kennenlernen </em>(= conoscere)</span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em> kennen lernen </em>(di nuovo ammessa dal 2006 la grafia unita con significato traslato <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>kennenlernen</em></span><em>) </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></strong><strong>participio passato + verbo</strong><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>  </strong>E’ ammessa dal 2006 sia la scrittura unita che la scrittura separata<strong></strong></span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>gefangennehmen </em>(= fare prigioniero), però <em>getrennt schreiben </em>(= scrivere separato) </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>gefangen nehmen</em> </span>(come<em> getrennt schreiben</em>) (di nuovo ammessa dal 2006 la grafia unita <em>gefangennehmen</em>) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>verlorengehen </em>(= andare perduto) </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>verloren gehen</em></span><em> </em>(di nuovo ammessa dal 2006 la grafia unita <em>verlorengehe</em>n) </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></strong><strong>aggettivo + verbo</strong><span style="font-size:small;"><strong> </strong>Aggettivo e verbo vengono di nuovo scritti uniti quando dall’unione dei due componenti si ha un nuovo significato che non risulta dal significato delle due singole parti</span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="326" valign="top"><strong><span style="font-size:small;">grafia vecchia  </span></strong></td>
<td width="296" valign="top"><strong><span style="font-size:small;">grafia nuova</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="326" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;">leichtfallen (= essere o riuscire facile)</span></td>
<td width="296" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;">leicht fallen: dal 2006 di nuovo solo <span style="color:#ff0000;">leichtfallen</span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="326" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;">schwerfallen (= riuscire difficile)</span></td>
<td width="296" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;">schwer fallen: dal 2006 di nuovo solo <span style="color:#ff0000;">schwerfallen</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></strong><span style="font-size:small;">E’ ammessa sia la scrittura unita che la scrittura separata quando l’aggettivo indica il risultato dell’attività descritta dal verbo.</span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="326" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;">saubermachen (= pulire)</span></td>
<td width="296" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">sauber machen</span> oppure saubermachen (ma solo sauber halten = tenere pulito)</span><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="326" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;">kleinschneiden (= tagliuzzare)</span></td>
<td width="296" valign="top"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">klein schneiden </span>oppure kleinschneiden</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;">ATTENZIONE: In combinazioni con un aggettivo semplice non declinato, sostantivo o pronome + participio usato come aggettivo è possibile dal 2006 sia la scrittura unita che quella separata): eine allein erziehende /<span style="color:#ff0000;"> alleinerziehende </span>Mutter = madre single, <span style="color:#ff0000;">selbst gemachte</span> / selbstgemachte Marmelade =  marmellata fatta in casa, <span style="color:#ff0000;">Hilfe suchende </span>/ hilfesuchende Eltern = genitori che cercano aiuto, in cerca d&#8217;aiuto    </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;">Come già prima so viele, wie viele, ora si possono scrivere anche so viel, wie viel.</span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>soviel</em>,<em> wieviel</em>, però<em> so viele</em>,<em> wie viele </em></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>so viel</em>,<em> wie viel </em>(come<em> so viele, wie viele</em>) </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> <br />
<span style="font-size:small;">Al contrario si scrivono unite tutte le combinazioni con irgend, come già finora irgendwer e irgendwohin.</span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>irgend etwas </em>(= qualcosa) </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>irgendetwas </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="327" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>irgend jemand </em>(= qualcuno) però<em> irgendwer </em>(= qualcuno)<em> , irgendwann </em>(= prima o poi, una volta o l’altra) </span></td>
<td width="295" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>irgendjemand </em>come<em> irgendwer, irgendwann </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;">Combinazioni di <strong>verbo + avverbio</strong> si scrivono di nuovo unite. Esempio: aufwärtsgehen  (= andare meglio)  </span></p>
<h3><strong></strong> </h3>
<h3><strong>Grafia maiuscola o minuscola</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-size:small;">Secondo la nuova regolamentazione (che porta ad un incremento della scrittura con iniziale maiuscola) si scrivono generalmente in maiuscolo i sostantivi che seguono una preposizione (come <em>in Bezug auf</em>) o i sostantivi uniti a un verbo (p.e. Rad fahren).</span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>in bezug auf </em>= in relazione a, però <em>mit Bezug auf </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>in Bezug auf</em> (come <em>mit Bezug auf</em>) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>radfahren</em>, però <em>Auto fahren </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Rad fahren</em> (come <em>Auto fahren</em>) </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-size:small;">Soltanto in combinazione con i verbi sein, bleiben e werden i sostantivi Angst, Bange, Schuld si scrivono con la minuscola (Mir ist/ wird angst = Ho paura, Sie sind schuld daran = E’ lei colpevole di questo. Però: Ich habe Angst.= Ho paura.  Sie hat Schuld daran. = Ha lei la colpa di questo).</span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="16"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></td>
<td width="320" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>angst </em>(<em>und bange</em>)<em> machen = </em>far paura, però<em> Angst haben = </em>aver paura </span></td>
<td width="16" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></td>
<td width="320" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Angst</em> (<em>und Bange</em>) <em>machen</em> (come <em>Angst haben</em>) </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>schuld geben </em>= dare la colpa </span></td>
<td width="16" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"> </span></td>
<td width="320" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Schuld geben </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;">Si scrivono in maiuscolo gli aggettivi sostantivati, come i numeri ordinali, (p.e. der Erste und der Letzte = il primo e l’ultimo, der Nächste = il prossimo, jeder Dritte = uno su tre, uno ogni tre), gli aggettivi nelle combinazioni di parole fisse (p.e. im Allgemeinen = in generale, im Folgenden = in seguito o im Dunkeln tappen = brancolare nel buio, im Trüben fischen = pescare nel torbido).  </span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>der erste </em>= il primo </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>der Erste </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>der</em>, <em>die</em>, <em>das letzte </em>= l’ultimo/a </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>der</em>,<em> die</em>, <em>das Letzte </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>der nächste</em>, <em>bitte </em>= il prossimo, per favore </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>der Nächste</em>,<em> bitte </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im allgemeinen</em> = in generale </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im Allgemeinen </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im folgenden </em>= in seguito </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im Folgenden </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im dunkeln tappen </em>= brancolare nel buio </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im Dunkeln tappen </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im trüben fischen </em>= pescare nel torbido </span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>im Trüben fischen </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;">Le determinazioni temporali con le parti del giorno si scrivono in maiuscolo se compaiono in combinazione con heute, (vor)gestern o (über)morgen: heute Mittag, gestern Abend, vorgestern Morgen. Si scrivono in una sola parola (con iniziale maiuscola) quando compaiono in combinazione con i giorni della settimana (am Dienstagabend).</span></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia vecchia  </strong></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>grafia nuova </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>heute mittag </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="bottom"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>heute Mittag </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>gestern abend </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>gestern Abend </em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="286" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>am Sonntag abend </em>= sabato sera ma <em>Sonntag abends = </em></span></td>
<td width="336" valign="top"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>am Sonntagabend &#8211; sonntagabends </em></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;">Si scrivono in maiuscolo i nomi delle lingue in combinazione con le preposizioni (p.e. auf Englisch, in Deutsch). Si scrivono in maiuscolo le coppie fisse formate da aggettivi non declinati per la denominazione di persone (p. e.: Arm und Reich = poveri e ricchi), Jung und Alt = giovani e vecchi, Groß und Klein = grandi e piccoli).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
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		<title>Principi di &#8220;costruzione&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2011/01/03/principi-di-costruzione/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Jan 2011 18:01:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inversione pensiero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[struttura tedesco]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[La lingua tedesca ha due principi di costruzione basilari. Sono principi che prescrivono di dire la prima cosa per ultima (a) oppure di includere ciò che viene detto in un arco di tensione logico (b). In entrambi i casi l&#8217;elemento finale acquista la massima importanza. L&#8217;elemento finale deve essere chiaro sin dall&#8217;inizio. L&#8217;elemento finale conclude [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=754&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">La lingua tedesca ha <strong>due principi</strong> di costruzione basilari. Sono principi che prescrivono di dire la prima cosa per ultima (a) oppure di includere ciò che viene detto in un arco di tensione logico (b). In entrambi i casi l&#8217;elemento finale acquista la massima importanza. L&#8217;elemento finale deve essere chiaro sin dall&#8217;inizio. L&#8217;elemento finale conclude definitivamente il concetto.<span id="more-754"></span></span></p>
<h3><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></strong></h3>
<h3><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Il movimento all’inverso</span></strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">Partiamo dal presupposto che sia normale una struttura italiana come “il fumatore di pipa da tabacco”: dal concetto generico si procede verso uno specifico. Ci stupisce, allora, la traduzione in tedesco der Tabakspfeifenraucher, dove si procede in modo contrario: dallo specifico al generico. La prima cosa si dice per ultima. Il <strong>movimento del pensiero è invertito</strong>: &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">E’ questo il <em>movimento all&#8217;inverso</em>, il primo dei due principi fondamentali di costruzione, che si trova in moltissime strutture della lingua tedesca.</span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1. Nei sostantivi composti</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">         1              2           3<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">Il fumatore di pipa da tabacco</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">          3              2              1<br />
</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Der <em>Tabaks/pfeifen/raucher</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2. Nel gruppo nominale</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">         1            2             3<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">La merce prodotta da noi </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">            3               2               1<br />
</span></span><em><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Die von uns hergestellte Ware</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3. Nel gruppo del predicato:</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">                   1             2            3<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">.. che vogliamo andare al cinema</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">                          3             2          1<br />
</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">…, dass wir ins Kino gehen wollen</span></span></p>
<h3><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></strong></h3>
<h3><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Il principio di inclusione</span></strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">Partiamo sempre dalla costruzione italiana come “normale”. In italiano si dice: oggi abbiamo mangiato&#8230;, in tedesco invece il predicato verbale viene spezzato, la seconda parte va alla fine. Tra due parti del predicato si crea un arco di tensione che include tutto il resto della frase:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Questo secondo principio fondamentale di costruzione è il <em>principio di inclusione</em>, principio che, come il movimento all&#8217;inverso, è causa di molte difficoltà per lo studente italiano. Alcuni esempi<span style="text-decoration:underline;">:</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1. Nel gruppo del predicato</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">       1             2<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">abbiamo mangiato……</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">        1                                 2<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">wir haben………….. gegessen</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2. Nel gruppo nominale</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> 1      2<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">La merce……</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">  1                     2<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">Die………….. Ware</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<h3><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Combinazione dei due principi</span></strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">Bisogna quindi abituarsi a compiere alcune acrobazie logiche per comprendere o produrre determinate strutture tedesche. Bisogna abituarsi a dire la prima cosa per ultima, la seconda per penultima o per ultima. Ma sono rari i casi in cui si trova isolato uno dei due principi. Normalmente, nella realtà linguistica, si trovano tutti e due combinati. Il movimento logico quindi diventa il seguente:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">1………… 4 – 3 – 2<br />
                &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">dopo il primo elemento si va alla fine e dalla fine man mano verso sinistra. Questa combinazione dei due principi di costruzione potrà aiutare lo studente ad affrontare tutte le costruzioni difficili della lingua tedesca.</span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1. Nel gruppo del predicato</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">      1                 2                3          4<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">Abbiamo mangiato insalata verde….</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">Wir haben……… grünen Salat gegessen.<br />
         </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1                         4         3          2</span></span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2. Nel gruppo nominale</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">1        2             3          4<br />
</span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">La merce prodotta da noi         </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;">Die ….. von uns hergestellte Ware<br />
</span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1                4                 3               2</span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:small;"> </span></strong></p>
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		<title>Esercizi vari</title>
		<link>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2010/12/18/esercizi-vari/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Dec 2010 18:06:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Intermedio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[accusativo]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[genere nomi]]></category>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.hueber.de/shared/uebungen/schritte/lerner/uebungen/fset.php?Volume=2&amp;Lection=4&amp;Exercise=1&amp;SubExercise=1&amp;ExerciseUrl=schr2L11ex1.htm">http://www.hueber.de/shared/uebungen/schritte/lerner/uebungen/fset.php?Volume=2&amp;Lection=4&amp;Exercise=1&amp;SubExercise=1&amp;ExerciseUrl=schr2L11ex1.htm</a> (da Schritte International 2, lez. 11)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.quia.com/jq/13392.html"><span id="more-645"></span>http://www.quia.com/jq/13392.html</a> (posizione complementi nella frase)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.deutschlinks.net/">http://www.deutschlinks.net/</a> (accusativo)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.deutschlinks.net/">http://www.deutschlinks.net/</a> (dativo)</p>
<p><a href="http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_7.1/10.htm">http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_7.1/10.htm</a> (genitivo)</p>
<p><a href="http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_6.3/05.htm">http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_6.3/05.htm</a> (preposizioni di moto)</p>
<p><a href="http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_6.3/04.htm">http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_6.3/04.htm</a> (preposizioni di stato)</p>
<p><a href="http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_6.1/inderstadt.htm">http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_6.1/inderstadt.htm</a> (genere nomi)</p>
<p><a href="http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_6.2/11_dativ_akkusativ.htm">http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_6.2/11_dativ_akkusativ.htm</a> <br />
(dativo o accusativo)</p>
<p><a href="http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_4.1/13.htm">http://ospitiweb.indire.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/Test_4.1/13.htm</a> (formazione di frasi)</p>
<p><a href="http://courseware.nus.edu.sg/e-daf/cwm/beg/e6/negat1.htm">http://courseware.nus.edu.sg/e-daf/cwm/beg/e6/negat1.htm</a> (negazione)</p>
<p><a href="http://courseware.nus.edu.sg/e-daf/cwm/beg/e7/negat2.htm">http://courseware.nus.edu.sg/e-daf/cwm/beg/e7/negat2.htm</a> (negazione)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.education.vic.gov.au/languagesonline/german/sect20/no_4/no_4.htm">http://www.education.vic.gov.au/languagesonline/german/sect20/no_4/no_4.htm</a> <br />
(vocaboli, descrizione persone)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.education.vic.gov.au/languagesonline/german/sect30/no_08/no_08.htm">http://www.education.vic.gov.au/languagesonline/german/sect30/no_08/no_08.htm</a> <br />
(parti del corpo, giochino)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.deutschlinks.net/">http://www.deutschlinks.net/</a> (accusativo con complementi di tempo)</p>
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		<title>Weiteres</title>
		<link>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2010/12/18/weiteres/</link>
		<comments>http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/2010/12/18/weiteres/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Dec 2010 16:38:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danila</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Avanzato]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[articoli]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[declinazione aggettivo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[negazione]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[posizione complementi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[preposizioni]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/?p=631</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[http://www.dsporto.de/Ubungen/negation4.htm (negazione) http://www.stufen.de/index.php?name=EZCMS&#38;menu=3902&#38;page_id=274  (posizione complementi, da stampare) http://www.mein-deutschbuch.de/lernen.php?menu_id=149 (preposizioni) http://www.inawe.de/don/praeperg/5.htm (verbi con preposizione) http://www.inawe.de/don/passiv/modvpas3.htm (verbi modali al passivo) http://www.inawe.de/don/artikendungen/kleiderschrank.htm (articoli, declinazione aggettivi) http://www.goethe-verlag.com/tests/ID/IDTB036.HTM (espressioni varie) Filed under: Avanzato<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=631&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.dsporto.de/Ubungen/negation4.htm">http://www.dsporto.de/Ubungen/negation4.htm</a> (negazione)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.stufen.de/index.php?name=EZCMS&amp;menu=3902&amp;page_id=274">http://www.stufen.de/index.php?name=EZCMS&amp;menu=3902&amp;page_id=274</a>  (posizione complementi, da stampare)</p>
<p><span id="more-631"></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.mein-deutschbuch.de/lernen.php?menu_id=149">http://www.mein-deutschbuch.de/lernen.php?menu_id=149</a> (preposizioni)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.inawe.de/don/praeperg/5.htm">http://www.inawe.de/don/praeperg/5.htm</a> (verbi con preposizione)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.inawe.de/don/passiv/modvpas3.htm">http://www.inawe.de/don/passiv/modvpas3.htm</a> (verbi modali al passivo)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.inawe.de/don/artikendungen/kleiderschrank.htm">http://www.inawe.de/don/artikendungen/kleiderschrank.htm</a> (articoli, declinazione aggettivi)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.goethe-verlag.com/tests/ID/IDTB036.HTM">http://www.goethe-verlag.com/tests/ID/IDTB036.HTM</a> (espressioni varie)</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://danilamoro.wordpress.com/category/tedesco/studenti/avanzato/'>Avanzato</a>  <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/godelicious/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/delicious/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gofacebook/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/facebook/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gotwitter/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/twitter/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gostumble/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/stumble/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/godigg/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/digg/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/goreddit/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/reddit/danilamoro.wordpress.com/631/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=danilamoro.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10832674&amp;post=631&amp;subd=danilamoro&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
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